Authorship Criteria

Authorship is limited to people who meet all of the following conditions, in line with COPE and ICMJE guidance:

  1. a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data;
  2. drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
  3. approval of the final version to be published;
  4. agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Contributors who do not meet these conditions, such as field assistants, technicians, or those who helped with language editing, should be named in the acknowledgements. Authors are encouraged to describe each person's contribution with the CRediT taxonomy. The corresponding author must provide an ORCID iD.

Changes to the authorship list after submission need the written agreement of every author and an explanation from the corresponding author. See Publication Ethics for details.