Plagiarism and Use of AI Tools

Plagiarism screening

All submissions are checked with similarity-checking software before review. Manuscripts with a high degree of unexplained similarity to published work, including the authors' own earlier work, are returned to the authors or rejected, and may be handled as misconduct. The journal does not set a single acceptable percentage; editors judge the nature and context of each match.

Generative AI

• AI tools cannot be listed as authors.
• Authors must disclose any substantial use of generative AI in preparing a manuscript, stating the tool and the purpose, and remain responsible for the accuracy and originality of the content, including references. Use of AI for language editing only does not need to be disclosed.
• AI must not be used to fabricate data, images, or citations.
• Reviewers and editors must not upload manuscripts or reviews to generative AI tools, which would breach confidentiality.